PCL Injury
Article by John Miller

PCL Injury
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
In the landscape of knee joint issues, a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear emerges as a prevalent concern. This article explores the anatomy, causation, symptoms, and treatment of PCL injuries, enriched with a physiotherapist’s insights and contemporary research.
Anatomy of the PCL
The PCL plays a pivotal role in knee stability, originating from the medial femoral condyle and branching into two bundles—the posteromedial and anterolateral—before attaching to the tibia. Composed of sturdy fibrous material, it restrains joint mobility, averting hyperextension, posterior tibial displacement, and excessive external rotation.
Prevalence of PCL Injuries
While less common than other knee ligament injuries, PCL tears account for 3% to 23% of knee injuries. The PCL’s thickness exceeds that of the ACL, influencing its injury pattern.
Causes of PCL Injuries
PCL injuries typically stem from forced hyperextension or posterior translation of the tibia, prevalent in motor vehicle accidents and sports. They may also co-occur with ACL or MCL injuries.
Symptoms of a PCL Tear
PCL tears can be subtle, with symptoms often more subtle than ACL injuries. Patients may experience more disability than instability, without the notable “pop” associated with knee injuries.
Diagnosing a PCL Tear
Diagnosis involves clinical tests for posterior instability and MRI scans to determine the extent of the ligament damage and associated knee injuries.

Treatment Approaches
Grade I / II Injuries:
Mild to moderate PCL injuries typically respond to non-operative physiotherapy, with favourable outcomes for those who adhere to a rehabilitation programme.
Grade III Injuries:
These might necessitate surgery, depending on functional requirements. Many cases can forego surgery with appropriate rehabilitation.
The Role of Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy for PCL tears aims to:
- Alleviate pain and inflammation
- Normalise joint movement
- Strengthen the knee and lower limb muscles
- Enhance balance and proprioception
- Improve functional capabilities
- Prevent re-injury
Braces for PCL Tears
Braces offer stability for repairing PCL injuries, with effectiveness varying based on the instability degree. Specially moulded braces are more effective in severe cases.
PCL Surgical Considerations
Deciding on PCL repair surgery involves evaluating factors like knee instability, other ligament damages, and the patient’s level of physical activity.
Post-Surgical Rehabilitation
Optimal outcomes from PCL surgery heavily depend on post-operative physiotherapy, focusing on knee function restoration while safeguarding the repaired ligament.
Sports with High PCL Tear Risks
Sports involving landing, jumping, and twisting have higher PCL injury risks. These include AFL, rugby, basketball, among others.
Preventing PCL Tears
Latest research emphasises neuromuscular and strengthening exercises to prevent PCL injuries. Consultation with a sports physiotherapist for customised prevention strategies is recommended.
Returning to Sport
Athletes with isolated PCL injuries generally return to sport without significant issues. Complications like ACL injuries or posterolateral corner instability or meniscal tears necessitate careful evaluation.
Conclusion
While less common, PCL injuries present significant challenges. Understanding their anatomy, causes, symptoms, and treatments is vital. Effective management through physiotherapy or surgery, under professional guidance, is essential. For a personalised assessment and treatment plan, consulting a sports physiotherapist or knee surgeon is strongly advised.
Seek Professional Advice
If you suspect a PCL injury, consulting a sports physiotherapist or knee surgeon for a comprehensive evaluation and customised treatment plan is crucial. Prompt intervention can greatly improve recovery and facilitate a swift return to daily activities and sports.
Knee Pain Causes
A Comprehensive Guide
Knee pain is often a symptom of underlying issues ranging from acute injuries to systemic health conditions. Identifying knee pain causes is essential for effective treatment. This guide offers an overview of potential culprits, providing a pathway to understanding and addressing your knee discomfort.


Knee Ligament Injuries
Ligament injuries, such as ACL and PCL tears, are significant knee pain causes. They can lead to instability and severe discomfort, requiring prompt medical evaluation.
- ACL Injury
- PCL Injury
- MCL Sprain
- LCL Sprain
- Posterolateral Corner Injury
- Superior Tibiofibular Joint Sprain
- Symptoms of a Torn Ligament
- Walking with a Torn Ligament
ACL Injuries
An ACL injury is a common sports-related knee injury that can lead to long-term knee pain and require surgical intervention.
- Is Surgery Needed?
- Living Without an ACL
- Main Function of the ACL
- Untreated ACL Injury
- Symptoms of an ACL Tear
- Diagnosing an ACL Tear
- Best Surgery for ACL Tear
- Post-ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation
Knee Meniscus Injuries
Meniscus tears, often caused by twisting or turning quickly, are prevalent knee pain causes, with treatment options varying based on severity.
Kneecap Pain
Pain in the kneecap can arise from various conditions, affecting your ability to engage in daily activities comfortably.
- Chondromalacia Patella
- Fat Pad Syndrome
- Patella Dislocation
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
- Patellar Tendinopathy
- Quadriceps Tendinopathy
- Osgood Schlatter’s Disease
- Sinding Larsen Johansson Syndrome
Knee Arthritis
Arthritis is a leading cause of knee pain, particularly in older adults, with symptoms that can significantly impair quality of life.
Knee Tendon Injuries
Tendon injuries can result from overuse or sudden, high-impact activities, contributing to ongoing knee pain.
Muscle Injuries
Muscle strains and related conditions are common knee pain causes, especially among athletes and active individuals.
- Corked Thigh
- Thigh Muscle Strain
- Hamstring Strain
- ITB Syndrome
- Popliteus Syndrome
- Muscle Strain
- Muscle Cramps
- DOMS – Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Knee Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursae can cause significant knee pain, often requiring targeted treatment to reduce symptoms.
Children’s Knee Conditions
Young athletes can experience specific knee conditions related to growth and activity levels.
Other Knee-Related Conditions
Various other conditions can lead to knee pain, necessitating a broad understanding of potential knee pain causes.
- Baker's Cyst
- Runner’s Knee
- Reducing Knee Stress for Runners
- Plica Syndrome
- Fibromyalgia
- Stress Fracture
- Overuse Injuries
- Restless Legs Syndrome
Knee Surgery
In some cases, surgical intervention may be the best option to address certain knee pain causes effectively.
Seek Professional Advice
For tailored information regarding your knee pain, consult a healthcare professional with experience in knee conditions, such as a knee physiotherapist, sports physician or knee surgeon. They can provide a personalised assessment and treatment plan to address your specific needs.
Knee Pain Products & FAQs
A variety of products can support knee pain management. Browse our selection and read our FAQs to learn more about how to alleviate knee discomfort. More info: Knee Pain Products & FAQs
With this guide, you’re better equipped to understand the various knee pain causes and take the first step towards recovery. Remember, early intervention by a skilled physiotherapist can significantly improve your outcomes and assist in returning you to a pain-free, active lifestyle.
Knee Pain FAQs
Knee pain is a common ailment that affects people of all ages and lifestyles. Whether it's a result of injury, wear and tear, or underlying conditions like arthritis, understanding the nature of knee pain and its potential implications is crucial for seeking appropriate care and relief. In this comprehensive set of frequently asked questions (FAQs), we will delve into various aspects of knee pain, including its diagnosis, ligament-related issues, ACL injuries, meniscal injuries, age and arthritis-related concerns, and ways to alleviate discomfort through exercise and treatment. Let's explore these questions to gain valuable insights into managing knee pain effectively and improving overall knee health.
Diagnosis Related
- How Can I Determine If My Knee Injury Is Serious?
- How Can I Identify The Type Of Knee Injury I Have?
- When Should I Seek a Physiotherapist or Doctor for My Knee Injury?
- Is Knee Clicking a Sign of a Serious Condition?
- When Should I Consider Getting a MRI for My Knee?
- Why Has My Knee Suddenly Started Hurting?
- Why Does My Knee Hurt On The Inner Side?
Knee Ligament Related
- What Are The Common Symptoms of a Torn Ligament in the Knee?
- Can I Walk With A Torn Ligament In My Knee?
ACL Related
- What are the Consequences of Not Getting Surgery for an ACL Injury?
- What Are The Symptoms Of An ACL Tear?
Meniscus Related
Age & Arthritis Related
- At What Age Do Knee Problems Typically Begin?
- What are the Common Symptoms of Arthritis in the Knee?