Bursitis
Bursitis physiotherapy Brisbane may help reduce pain, calm swelling, and restore comfortable movement when an irritated bursa flares. Bursitis often overlaps with other soft tissue injuries, so the fastest path forward usually starts with a clear diagnosis and a simple load plan. If you want local care options, see our Brisbane physiotherapists guide. If your pain links with wider sensitivity, our pain management guide may also help.
Bursitis is inflammation or irritation of a bursa—a small, fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues (for example, tendon and bone). Your body has many bursae, mostly near joints where structures glide. When a bursa becomes swollen or sensitive, movement and pressure can start to feel sharp, catching, or achy.
Common hotspots include the shoulder, hip, knee, elbow, and heel. Each area has different triggers, so the best treatment matches the region, your activity level, and what caused the flare.
What causes bursitis?
Bursitis often starts after repeated compression (pressure on the bursa), friction (rubbing during movement), or a sudden spike in load (doing much more than usual). Sometimes, a direct knock or fall irritates the bursa and triggers a swelling response.
- Overuse and repetitive movement: overhead work or sport can irritate the shoulder bursa, while hill walking, running changes, or side-lying pressure can irritate the hip region.
- Prolonged pressure: kneeling (front of knee), leaning on elbows (back of elbow), or shoe pressure at the heel can irritate superficial bursae.
- Movement and strength factors: reduced hip control, weak gluteals, shoulder blade control issues, or stiff joints can increase local stress and friction. See shoulder impingement and greater trochanteric pain syndrome for related patterns.
- Medical contributors: inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can increase the chance of bursitis flares.
Common bursitis symptoms
Symptoms depend on the region and how irritated the bursa is. Many people notice a localised ache that worsens with pressure, specific movements, or after activity.
- Local pain and tenderness over the bursa (for example, outer hip, outer shoulder, front of knee)
- Swelling or a “puffy” feel (more common in elbow and kneecap bursitis)
- Pain with movement, lifting, kneeling, leaning, or stairs (region dependent)
- Night pain if you lie on the irritated side (common with hip and shoulder flares)
When bursitis needs urgent medical review
Get same-day medical advice if you have fever, rapidly increasing redness or warmth, significant swelling after a cut or wound, or you feel unwell. These signs can suggest infection (septic bursitis), which needs prompt care.
Common types of bursitis
These are the most frequent bursitis regions we see in clinic:
- Shoulder bursitis (often linked with rotator cuff overload)
- Trochanteric bursitis (outer hip pain)
- Knee bursitis (front, inner, or below-knee bursae)
- Olecranon bursitis (swelling at the back of the elbow)
- Heel bursitis (pain at the back of the heel)
How bursitis is diagnosed
A physiotherapist will ask about your activity, load changes, sleep, and symptom triggers. Next, they will check movement, strength, and local tenderness to identify what structure drives your pain and what keeps it irritated. For a plain-language overview, MedlinePlus also summarises bursitis causes, symptoms, and tests here: Bursitis (MedlinePlus).
Bursitis treatment
Bursitis treatment usually works best when you combine load reduction (to calm the flare) with graded reloading (to stop it returning). Many people improve without injections or surgery, especially when they adjust aggravating activities early.
Early phase: reduce irritation
- Modify aggravating tasks (overhead work, kneeling, side-lying pressure, hills, jumping)
- Short bouts of gentle movement to prevent stiffening (avoid long rest where possible)
- Ice can help some people during a flare, especially after activity
- Short-term anti-inflammatory medication may help some people (only if your GP or pharmacist says it suits you)
Recovery phase: rebuild tolerance
- Region-specific strengthening (for example, rotator cuff and shoulder blade control, hip abductor strengthening, or calf and ankle capacity)
- Technique and pacing changes to reduce repeated compression and friction
- Practical advice on sleep position, work set-up, footwear, and training progressions
If you want a structured plan, start here: bursitis treatment. For related rehab principles, see soft tissue injury healing and common physiotherapy treatment techniques.
What about corticosteroid injections?
Some people consider a corticosteroid injection when pain remains high despite good load management. Injections may settle pain in some cases, but they don’t fix the underlying load driver. A physiotherapist can help you weigh the pros and cons alongside your GP, then guide the safest return to activity afterwards.
People also ask: can bursitis go away on its own?
Yes, mild bursitis can settle with time and better load control. However, bursitis often returns if the same pressure or movement pattern keeps irritating the area. A simple strengthening and pacing plan usually reduces flare-ups and helps you return to sport, work, and daily activity with more confidence.
Prevention: reduce recurrence
- Increase training loads gradually (avoid sudden spikes in volume or intensity)
- Build strength around the joint (especially hip and shoulder control)
- Change positions often if your job involves pressure on a bursa (kneeling pads, elbow padding)
- Adjust footwear if heel pressure triggers symptoms
More info
Bursitis related pages
- Shoulder bursitis
- Trochanteric bursitis (hip bursitis)
- Knee bursitis
- Olecranon bursitis (elbow bursitis)
- Retrocalcaneal bursitis (heel bursitis)
What to do next
If your pain is mild, start by reducing direct pressure and cutting back the one or two activities that reliably flare it. Next, add a small amount of comfortable movement each day. If symptoms persist beyond 1–2 weeks, keep returning, or you’re unsure what structure is driving the pain, a physiotherapy assessment can help clarify the cause and map out a practical plan.
Choose your clinic and appointment pathway
Select a PhysioWorks clinic to continue to live booking, an appointment request or reception assistance.
Muscle & Soft Tissue Products
These muscle and soft tissue products are commonly used by our physiotherapists to relax or loosen muscles, improve strength, comfort, flexibility, and home exercise programs.
- EMS Machines, Pain Management, TENS Machine, TENS Machine & EMS
NeuroTrac Rehab (TENS Machine + EMS)
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Exercise Equipment, Resistance BandAllCare Powerloop Bands
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Exercise Balls, Back, Exercise Equipment, Knee, Shoulder66fit Exercise Balls | Core & Rehab Stability Ball
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Exercise Equipment, Knee, Resistance BandPOW.R Fabric Mini Loop Bands
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- Liniments & Gels, Massage Liniments, Pain Management
Fisiocrem
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- Exercise Equipment, Resistance Band
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References
- Kjeldsen T, Hvidt KJ, Bohn MB, et al. Exercise compared to a control condition or other conservative treatment options in patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Physiotherapy. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38295551/
- Hasan M, et al. Knee bursae: a comprehensive review of clinical evaluation, imaging differentiation, and the expanding role of biologic therapies. 2025. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12619696/
- Kaur IP, et al. Non-surgical treatment of aseptic olecranon bursitis: a systematic review. 2023. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1699258X23000955
- Lafrance S, et al. Diagnosing, managing, and supporting return to work of adults with rotator cuff disorders: clinical practice guideline. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35881707/
- Disantis A, et al. ISHA physiotherapy agreement on assessment and treatment of greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS): an international consensus statement. J Hip Preserv Surg. 2023. https://academic.oup.com/jhps/article/10/1/48/6967092
Why Doesn’t Rest Fix Tendon Pain?
Tendon pain often needs guided loading, not complete rest.
Rest usually does not fix tendon pain because it eases symptoms without rebuilding tendon capacity. A painful tendon may feel better after time away from walking, running, jumping, gym training, or sport. However, pain often returns when the same activity loads the tendon again.
Tendons respond to the right amount of load over time. Too much load can irritate a tendon. Too little load can reduce strength, endurance, and tolerance. Effective tendinopathy treatment aims to find the middle ground. The goal is to build capacity without repeated flare-ups.
If tendon pain keeps returning after rest, the issue may relate to overuse injuries, a sudden training spike, weakness, poor load progression, or reduced tendon tolerance. A physiotherapist can assess what is driving your symptoms and guide a safer return to activity.
Why Doesn’t Rest Fix Tendon Pain?
Rest can lower pain because it removes the immediate demand on the tendon. However, it does not improve tendon strength, load tolerance, or the tendon’s ability to cope with repeated activity.
This is why many people feel better during rest, then become sore again when they restart running, walking, jumping, sport, or gym work. The tendon has had a break, but it has not gained the capacity needed for the task.
This pattern is common when people:
- start a new sport, gym program, or walking routine
- increase running distance, hills, speed, or training frequency too quickly
- return to sport after time off
- change footwear, surfaces, or workload suddenly
- ignore smaller warning signs until symptoms build
Tendons are slow to adapt. Sudden changes in activity can exceed their current capacity. A long period of complete rest can also make the tendon less prepared for normal activity.
Should You Rest or Keep Moving With Tendon Pain?
Most tendon pain needs modified activity rather than complete rest. The aim is to reduce the most irritating loads while keeping safe, useful movement in your day.
Tendon Load Decision Guide
- Pain settles within 24 hours: the load may be acceptable, but keep monitoring symptoms.
- Pain increases during or after activity: reduce speed, volume, hills, jumping, or resistance.
- Pain keeps returning after rest: the tendon may need a staged strengthening plan.
- Pain is worsening or spreading: book an assessment to check the diagnosis and loading plan.
What Tendinopathy Treatment Usually Involves
Tendinopathy treatment usually combines load changes with progressive strengthening. This means reducing painful loads enough to calm symptoms while still giving the tendon a useful exercise stimulus.
Treatment may include:
- short-term reduction of painful or high-load activities
- specific tendon strengthening exercises
- progressive reloading based on symptoms and goals
- muscle strength, control, and movement training
- biomechanical assessment where relevant
- education about training load, pacing, and recovery
There is no single exercise plan that suits every tendon or every person. For example, an Achilles tendinopathy program may look different from a patellar tendinopathy, gluteal tendinopathy, or proximal hamstring tendinopathy program. Your tendon, activity level, strength, irritability, and goals all influence the plan.
How Does Physiotherapy Help Tendon Pain?
A physiotherapist can assess why the tendon became painful and what needs to change. Treatment should not only focus on short-term pain relief. It should also address why the tendon became overloaded or underprepared.
Physiotherapy management may include:
- Identifying likely causes, such as training error, weakness, reduced tendon capacity, or poor load progression.
- Checking for other pain sources, such as bone stress injury, bursitis, joint irritation, or referred pain.
- Prescribing suitable exercises to improve tendon strength, tolerance, and function.
- Planning a return to activity through gradual and measurable load progression.
- Using symptom relief options, such as taping, massage, or dry needling, when suitable.
Depending on the tendon involved, related issues such as peroneal tendinopathy, hip adductor tendinopathy, rotator cuff tendinopathy, or tennis elbow may also need tendon-specific rehabilitation.
How Do You Build Tendon Capacity?
Tendon capacity improves gradually. Most tendons respond well when the right load is repeated over time. This often means a staged strengthening program that progresses based on symptoms, recovery, and function.
Early on, you may need to reduce painful tasks such as sprinting, jumping, hills, deep squats, heavy lifting, or high-volume gym work. As symptoms settle, your program may progress toward heavier strength work, faster movements, and sport-specific loading.
This approach is often more useful than full rest because it improves the tendon’s ability to tolerate future load. For broader background, read more about tendonitis, tendinitis, tendinosis, and tendinopathy.
Quick Check: Is Rest Enough?
Rest may be enough for a mild short-term overload if pain settles and does not return with normal activity.
If pain keeps coming back, the tendon usually needs a plan that changes load, improves strength, and rebuilds tolerance in stages.
When Should You Seek Help for Tendon Pain?
You should consider a physiotherapy assessment if tendon pain:
- keeps returning when you restart activity
- has lasted more than two weeks
- limits work, exercise, sport, or sleep
- is becoming more irritable or widespread
- does not improve with sensible load reduction
- is linked with swelling, marked weakness, or a sudden change in function
Early guidance may help you avoid repeated flare-ups and long breaks from activity. It can also help check whether the pain is truly tendon-related or coming from another structure.
Common Tendon Pain Conditions
Tendon pain can affect many areas of the body. The right plan depends on the tendon involved, your symptoms, and the activities you want to return to.
General Tendon Conditions
Foot and Ankle Tendon Pain
Knee Tendon Pain
Hip, Groin and Hamstring Tendon Pain
Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist and Hand Tendon Pain
- Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
- Shoulder Impingement
- Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinopathy
- Biceps Tendinopathy
- Tennis Elbow
- Golfer’s Elbow
- de Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
Frequently Asked Questions
Why doesn’t rest fix tendon pain?
Rest may ease symptoms briefly, but it usually does not improve the tendon’s strength or ability to tolerate activity. When you return to running, sport, gym work, or repeated daily loading, the pain can return because the tendon still lacks capacity.
Is tendinopathy the same as tendonitis?
Tendinopathy is a broader term for tendon pain and reduced tendon function. Tendonitis suggests inflammation. However, many ongoing tendon problems involve changes in load tolerance rather than simple inflammation alone.
What treatment usually helps tendon pain?
Tendon pain often improves with activity changes, progressive strengthening, and a clear load plan. The goal is to rebuild tendon capacity gradually, rather than stopping all activity and hoping the tendon adapts by itself.
Should you exercise with tendon pain?
Often, yes, but the exercise needs to match your tendon’s current tolerance. Some discomfort may be acceptable. Repeated flare-ups suggest the load is too high. A physiotherapist can help set suitable exercises and progressions.
How long does tendon pain take to improve?
Recovery time varies. Some people improve over several weeks. Others need a longer program over a few months. Duration depends on the tendon involved, symptom history, training load, strength, health factors, and rehab consistency.
When should I see a physiotherapist for tendon pain?
Consider physiotherapy if the pain keeps returning, lasts more than two weeks, limits activity, worsens with training, or does not improve with sensible load changes. Assessment can help confirm the likely cause and guide a safer plan.
Progressive loading helps rebuild tendon capacity.
What To Do Next
If tendon pain improves with rest but returns when you move again, the next step is usually not more rest. A better option is to identify the tendon’s current tolerance, reduce the most irritating loads, and rebuild strength in stages.
Book a physiotherapy assessment if tendon pain is limiting your work, sport, walking, running, gym training, or daily activities. Your physiotherapist can help you plan the right level of loading and return to activity with more confidence.
Choose your clinic and appointment pathway
Select a PhysioWorks clinic to continue to live booking, an appointment request or reception assistance.
References
- Cardoso TB, Pizzari T, Kinsella R, Hope D, Cook JL. Current trends in tendinopathy management. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019;33(1):122-140. doi:10.1016/j.berh.2019.02.001
- Malliaras P, Barton CJ, Reeves ND, Langberg H. Achilles and patellar tendinopathy loading programmes: a systematic review comparing clinical outcomes and identifying potential mechanisms for effectiveness. Sports Med. 2013;43(4):267-286. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0019-z
- Cook JL, Purdam CR. Is tendon pathology a continuum? A pathology model to explain the clinical presentation of load-induced tendinopathy. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43(6):409-416. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2008.051193
What Are the Most Common Running Injuries?
Running injuries most often affect the knee, shin, Achilles tendon, calf, foot and hip. Many develop gradually when a recent running demand exceeds the capacity of a muscle, tendon, joint or bone.
Common pattern
Pain builds during a run, appears afterwards or feels worse the next morning.
Important clue
Symptoms often follow a change in distance, speed, hills, frequency, surface or recovery.
Seek assessment
Book earlier when pain changes your stride, causes limping or becomes sharp and localised.
Which running injuries are most common?
Running-related injuries can affect muscles, tendons, joints, bones and other supporting tissues. Some start suddenly, such as an ankle sprain or calf strain. However, many build over several runs as repeated loading exceeds the tissue’s current capacity.
The eight conditions below account for many of the knee, shin, calf, heel, foot and thigh symptoms reported by recreational runners.
Runner’s knee
Pain around or behind the kneecap. It commonly becomes noticeable during hills, stairs, squats or longer runs.
Shin splints
A broader area of exercise-related pain along the shin. Symptoms often follow a change in impact load or training volume.
Achilles tendinopathy
Pain and stiffness around the Achilles tendon. Morning stiffness and discomfort at the start of running are common features.
Plantar fasciopathy
Pain under the heel or arch. The first steps after rest may feel uncomfortable before symptoms ease with movement.
ITB syndrome
Pain around the outside of the knee. It may appear at a similar point during each run, particularly on hills.
Calf strain
A sudden or gradually worsening pain in the calf. Faster running, sprinting and hills can increase calf demand.
Hamstring injury
Pain at the back of the thigh or near the sitting bone. Symptoms may affect faster running, acceleration and longer strides.
Bone stress injury
Focal bone pain that may progress from running pain to discomfort with hopping, walking or normal daily activity.
Where do runners commonly feel pain?
Front or outside of the knee
Front-of-knee pain may relate to runner’s knee, also called patellofemoral pain. Symptoms often become noticeable during downhill running, stairs, squats or after sitting with the knee bent.
Pain on the outside of the knee may fit an iliotibial band presentation. However, several knee structures can cause pain in a similar area. The location alone does not confirm a diagnosis.
Along the shin
A broad area of tenderness along the inner shin often fits shin splints. By contrast, a small and sharply localised painful area raises more concern about a bone stress injury.
Shin pain warrants earlier assessment when hopping is painful, symptoms persist after exercise or discomfort begins affecting walking.
Behind the ankle or in the calf
Achilles tendinopathy commonly causes pain, stiffness or thickening around the tendon. Symptoms may feel worse during the first steps in the morning or when beginning a run.
A calf strain is more likely when pain starts suddenly during acceleration, hills or faster running. Significant weakness, swelling or difficulty pushing through the foot requires prompt assessment.
Under the heel or through the foot
Plantar fasciopathy often causes pain under the heel, particularly during the first few steps after getting out of bed or standing after rest.
Forefoot pain has several possible causes, including metatarsal overload, nerve irritation and bone stress. Persistent focal pain should not be managed simply by continuing to run through it.
At the hip, groin or back of the thigh
Hip and thigh symptoms may involve the gluteal tendons, hamstrings, hip joint or surrounding muscles. Proximal hamstring symptoms often sit close to the lower buttock and may become uncomfortable during faster running or prolonged sitting.
Groin pain has several possible sources. Assessment becomes more important when pain persists, affects walking or does not settle after a reasonable reduction in training.
Why do running injuries happen?
Running injuries rarely have one isolated cause. Instead, they usually reflect an interaction between recent training, previous injuries, recovery, health, tissue capacity and the demands of the runner’s chosen pace, terrain and distance.
Common contributing factors may include:
- A longer individual run than your body has recently tolerated
- Adding speed, hills and distance within the same training period
- Returning quickly after illness, injury or a break from running
- Insufficient recovery between demanding sessions
- Reduced calf, thigh, hip or trunk capacity
- A previous injury that has not regained full strength or running tolerance
- A sudden change in shoes, running surface or training environment
What are the early signs of a running injury?
An early running injury does not always begin with severe pain. Mild changes in comfort, stiffness or movement can appear before running becomes significantly limited.
During running
Pain starts earlier, becomes stronger or makes you shorten your stride.
After running
Soreness lasts longer than expected or increases later in the day.
The next morning
Stiffness, tenderness or pain is worse than your usual post-training response.
Other warning signs include swelling, reduced push-off strength, repeated pain at the same running distance and declining confidence in the affected leg.
Can you keep running with an injury?
Some runners can continue with a temporarily reduced load. Others need to pause running while the injury is assessed. The safest choice depends on the suspected tissue, symptom severity and how the condition responds during and after exercise.
Consider reducing or stopping the run when:
- Pain continues to increase as you run
- Your stride changes or you begin to limp
- Symptoms remain clearly worse the following morning
- You have sharp or highly localised bone pain
- You lose strength, balance or confidence in the leg
- Running causes increasing swelling
A minor symptom that remains mild, does not alter movement and settles promptly may allow a modified run. However, repeatedly testing an injury with the same aggravating session can delay recovery.
How are running injuries assessed?
A physiotherapy assessment usually begins by clarifying where symptoms started, how they respond to running and what changed before the problem developed.
Your assessment may include:
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Reviewing your recent training
Your physiotherapist may compare distance, pace, hills, speed sessions, surfaces, footwear, recovery and recent interruptions to training.
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Examining the painful area
Palpation, movement testing and relevant clinical tests help identify which tissues may be contributing.
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Checking strength and movement capacity
Testing may include calf raises, hopping, squats, step tasks, hip strength or other movements matched to your symptoms.
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Reviewing your running where useful
A running assessment can examine relevant movement patterns and how they interact with your current injury and training demands.
Imaging is not required for every running injury. However, a medical referral or imaging may be appropriate when the assessment suggests a fracture, significant tendon injury or another condition needing further investigation.
How can physiotherapy help a running injury?
Physiotherapy aims to identify the likely injury, reduce aggravating load and rebuild the capacity needed for running. Your plan should reflect the affected tissue, your current symptoms and the type of running you want to resume.
Management may include:
- Temporary changes to running distance, pace, hills or frequency
- Progressive calf, knee, hamstring, hip or trunk strengthening
- Mobility work when a relevant restriction affects function
- Advice about footwear, surfaces and training structure
- Movement or running retraining when it has a clear clinical purpose
- A staged return-to-run program
- Testing before faster running, hills or longer distances resume
Passive treatment may help some symptoms in the short term. However, rebuilding load tolerance and gradually returning to running usually remain central to rehabilitation.
Runners with recurring symptoms may also benefit from a dedicated running injury risk and performance assessment.
How can you reduce your risk of another running injury?
No strategy can prevent every injury. Even so, sensible progression and adequate recovery can reduce avoidable overload.
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Build one demand at a time
Avoid making large increases in distance, speed and hills simultaneously.
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Watch individual long-run changes
Compare a planned longer run with the longest distance you have completed recently, not only your weekly total.
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Keep regular strength work
Calf, thigh, hamstring, hip and trunk exercises can support the physical demands of running.
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Respond early to warning signs
Modify training when pain escalates, changes your stride or remains worse the following morning.
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Return gradually after a break
Fitness can return faster than the load tolerance of bones, tendons and muscles after time away.
When should a runner book an assessment?
Consider booking a physiotherapy assessment when:
- Pain is changing your running technique
- You cannot progress training without another flare-up
- Symptoms are worsening from one session to the next
- Morning pain or stiffness is becoming more noticeable
- Pain is sharply localised over a bone
- You have swelling, weakness or difficulty walking
- You are unsure how much running is currently safe
Earlier assessment is especially useful when a stress fracture, significant calf injury or Achilles tendon injury is possible.
Common running injury FAQs
What is the most common running injury?
Knee pain, including runner’s knee or patellofemoral pain, is consistently among the most frequently reported running injuries. Shin splints, Achilles tendinopathy and plantar heel pain are also common.
Are most running injuries caused by overuse?
Many running injuries develop gradually through repeated loading rather than one traumatic event. However, “overuse” does not identify one cause. Training changes, recovery, previous injury, health and tissue capacity can all contribute.
What are the first signs of a running injury?
Early signs may include pain that begins sooner during a run, soreness that lasts longer afterwards, increasing morning stiffness or a subtle change in stride. Repeated symptoms at a similar distance also deserve attention.
Should I stop running when I have pain?
Stop or reduce running when pain escalates, changes your gait, causes swelling or remains clearly worse the following morning. Mild symptoms that settle promptly may allow modified activity, but the safe approach depends on the injury.
When is shin pain more serious?
Shin pain is more concerning when it is sharply localised, painful with hopping, present during walking or continuing after exercise. These features may indicate a bone stress injury and should be assessed promptly.
Can a running assessment prevent injuries?
A running assessment cannot guarantee injury prevention. It may identify useful changes to strength, training, recovery or movement when interpreted alongside your symptoms, injury history and running goals.
What causes knee pain when running?
Running-related knee pain may involve the patellofemoral joint, iliotibial band, patellar tendon or another structure. Training changes, reduced tissue capacity and a previous injury can contribute, so persistent pain should be assessed rather than diagnosed from location alone.
What should you do next?
Use the links above to compare your painful area with the most relevant condition guide. Meanwhile, reduce the running sessions that clearly aggravate your symptoms rather than repeatedly testing the same painful load.
Book an assessment when pain is changing your stride, limiting normal training or becoming more localised. A clear diagnosis and staged rehabilitation plan can help you return to running with appropriate progression.
Choose your clinic and appointment pathway
Select a PhysioWorks clinic to continue to live booking, an appointment request or reception assistance.
References
- Correia CK, Machado JM, Dominski FH, de Castro MP, Fontana HB, Ruschel C. Risk factors for running-related injuries: an umbrella systematic review. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2024;13(6):743–757. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2024.04.011.
- Frandsen JSB, Hulme A, Nielsen RO, et al. How much running is too much? Identifying high-risk running sessions in a 5200-person cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2025;59(17):1203–1211.
- Kakouris N, Yener N, Fong DTP. A systematic review of running-related musculoskeletal injuries in runners. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2021;10(5):513–522. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.04.001.
