AC Joint – Acromioclavicular Joint

AC Joint - Acromioclavicular Joint

John Miller Physiotherapist

Article by John Miller

AC Joint Sprain

Acromioclavicular Joint

Introduction

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint sprains, commonly known as shoulder separations, are injuries often misunderstood and confused with shoulder dislocations. AC joint injuries are thought to account for up to 40% of all shoulder injuries, but sport-induced trauma seems to be the biggest risk factor.

This article aims to educate you about the AC Joint, its functions, injury mechanisms, and effective treatments.

What is the AC Joint?

The AC Joint, positioned at the top of your shoulder, forms where the clavicle (collarbone) meets the scapula (shoulder blade). This joint plays a pivotal role in allowing overhead and cross-body shoulder movements, transmitting forces from the arm to the body. Its stability is ensured by several ligaments.

AC Joint Sprain Explained

A sprain in the AC Joint occurs when ligaments overstretch, leading to varying degrees of damage. This can range from a mild strain affecting one or more ligaments to complete tears causing deformity. Shoulder separation, another term for this condition, should not be confused with shoulder dislocation.

Causes of AC Joint Injury

AC Joint injuries often result from direct impacts, such as falling on a bicycle or shoulder-first tackles in football. Indirect injuries can occur when falling on an outstretched arm, causing the acromion and clavicle to separate and ligaments to overstretch.

Recognising Symptoms

Typical signs of an AC Joint sprain include:

  • Pain at the top of the shoulder, worsened by lifting or overhead movements.
  • Swelling and possibly bruising.
  • Reduced shoulder movement.
  • In severe cases, a visible lump indicating clavicle displacement.

Diagnosis and Grades of Injury

Physiotherapists categorise AC Joint injuries from Grade I (minimal disruption) to Grade III (severe damage). Diagnosis usually involves physical examination and, if necessary, X-rays to check for fractures and assess joint instability.

Recent Research and Advances

Recent studies have highlighted the effectiveness of early protection and then strengthening and targeted physiotherapy in AC Joint sprain recovery, contrasting older practices that heavily relied on prolonged immobilisation.

acromioclavicular-jointAC-joint
Ac Joint (Acromioclavicular Joint)

Treatment and Rehabilitation

Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in recovery, aiming to:

  • Alleviate pain and inflammation.
  • Restore normal joint movement.
  • Strengthen the shoulder.
  • Correct alignment and muscle length.
  • Enhance proprioception and functional abilities.

Shoulder Posture Braces

De-loading the AC joint during recovery is important to limit AC joint ligament laxity. Posture brace can be useful.

More information: Shoulder Posture Brace

Surgery: When is it Needed?

In severe cases, surgery might be necessary to repair or stabilise the joint. Post-operative rehabilitation under a skilled physiotherapist is crucial for optimal recovery.

Preventative Measures and Shoulder Injury Prevention

Understanding the mechanics of the shoulder and practising proper techniques during physical activities can significantly reduce the risk of AC Joint injuries. But, ultimately if you fall awkwardly your AC joint is vulnerable.

Return to Sports

A gradual return to sports is vital to prevent recurrence. This involves a tailored rehabilitation program focusing on strength, flexibility, and proprioception.

Conclusion

AC Joint sprains, while common, can be effectively managed with appropriate physiotherapy and, in some cases, surgical intervention. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to a speedy and full recovery.

What to Do? Seeking Professional Advice

If you suspect an AC Joint injury, consult a physiotherapist or doctor for a thorough assessment and personalised treatment plan. Remember, timely intervention can make a significant difference in your recovery journey.

Related Articles

  1. Shoulder Pain: This article gives a broad overview of various shoulder conditions, including rotator cuff tears, bicep tendinopathy, and shoulder impingement syndrome, among others​​.
  2. Rotator Cuff Tear: It focuses on causes, symptoms, and treatments for rotator cuff injuries, a common source of shoulder pain​​.
  3. Effective Shoulder Impingement Treatment And Advice: Offers insights into shoulder impingement syndrome, detailing causes, symptoms, and treatment options​​.
  4. Shoulder Bursitis Treatment, Physio & Helpful Tips: Provides information on shoulder bursitis, including treatment and physiotherapy tips​​.

Shoulder Pain Causes

Common Injuries & Conditions

Understanding the common shoulder pain causes is crucial, as this discomfort can stem from various issues like rotator cuff injuries, arthritis, and frozen shoulder. Our guide offers a comprehensive exploration of these causes, providing insights into both acute and chronic conditions. It aims to equip you with knowledge and strategies for effective treatment and recovery, catering to those grappling with recent injuries or long-term pain. This resource is your go-to for navigating the complexities of shoulder pain and its management.

Shoulder Pain Causes
Shoulder Pain Causes

Rotator Cuff

Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

  • Shoulder Impingement: A condition where shoulder tendons are pinched during arm movements, causing pain and limited mobility.
  • Shoulder Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa, a small fluid-filled sac in the shoulder, causing pain and discomfort.
  • Swimmer’s Shoulder: An overuse injury common in swimmers, causing shoulder pain and impingement symptoms.

Shoulder Stiffness

Shoulder Instability

Acromioclavicular Joint

  • AC Joint Injury: Involves damage to the acromioclavicular joint, common in athletes and after falls.

Bone Conditions

Post-Operative Physiotherapy

Post-Operative Shoulder Rehabilitation: Essential for recovery, involving tailored exercises and therapies to regain strength and mobility after shoulder surgery.

  • Subacromial Decompression: A surgical procedure to alleviate shoulder impingement symptoms.
  • Shoulder Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive surgery for various shoulder conditions.
  • Acromioplasty: Surgery to reshape the acromion and relieve impingement.
  • Rotator Cuff Repair: Surgical repair of a torn rotator cuff.
  • SLAP Repair: Surgery to fix a specific type of labrum tear in the shoulder.
  • Biceps Tenodesis: Surgical procedure to reattach the biceps tendon.
  • Biceps Tenotomy: Involves cutting the biceps tendon to relieve pain.
  • Total Shoulder Replacement: Replacement of the shoulder joint with artificial components.

Muscle Conditions

Neck Arm Syndromes

Referred Pain: Pain in the shoulder that originates from another area of the body, such as the neck or spine.

  • Neck Arm Pain: Pain that originates in the neck and travels down to the arm and shoulder.
  • Cervical Radiculopathy: Occurs when a nerve in the neck is compressed or irritated, leading to shoulder pain.
  • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A condition where nerves or blood vessels between the collarbone and first rib are compressed, causing pain in the shoulder area.

Systemic Conditions

  • Fibromyalgia: A chronic condition characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain, including in the shoulder.
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that can cause joint pain and damage throughout the body, including the shoulders.

Shoulder Products & FAQs

Explore our range of shoulder products and find answers to frequently asked questions about shoulder pain and treatment options.

Shoulder Pain FAQs

Your Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Managing Shoulder Injuries

Welcome to the "Shoulder Pain FAQs" page, your go-to resource for understanding various aspects of shoulder pain, injuries, and how to manage them effectively. The shoulder is a complex joint that allows for a wide range of movements, but it is also susceptible to various injuries and conditions that can cause discomfort and limitations in daily activities.

In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the most common shoulder injuries, their causes, and how to identify and treat them. We'll also address frequently asked questions about specific shoulder conditions, providing you with valuable insights into your shoulder health.

shoulder pain guide
Shoulder Pain Guide

When Should You Worry About Shoulder Pain?

Shoulder pain can be caused by numerous factors, ranging from minor strains to more severe injuries. Knowing when to seek medical attention is crucial to prevent further damage and facilitate timely recovery.

Common Shoulder Injuries

We'll swing into the most prevalent shoulder injuries, shedding light on their causes, symptoms, and appropriate treatment options.

More info: Common Shoulder Injuries

What Causes Shoulder Pain?

Understanding the root causes of shoulder pain is fundamental to addressing the issue effectively. We'll explore the various factors that can lead to shoulder discomfort and how to mitigate them.

More info: What Causes Shoulder Pain?

What is Your Scapulohumeral Rhythm?

The scapulohumeral rhythm plays a vital role in shoulder function and movement. We'll explain what it is and its significance in maintaining a healthy shoulder.

More info: What is Your Scapulohumeral Rhythm?

Rotator Cuff: An In-Depth Analysis

The rotator cuff is a critical group of muscles and tendons in the shoulder. We'll dive into its anatomy, functions, and common problems associated with it.

More info: Rotator Cuff: An In-Depth Analysis

How Can You Tell If You Have Torn Your Rotator Cuff?

Identifying a torn rotator cuff can be challenging, but we'll provide you with essential signs to look out for and when to seek professional evaluation.

More info: How Can You Tell If You Have Torn Your Rotator Cuff?

Can You Diagnose A Torn Rotator Cuff Without An MRI?

Find out about diagnostic methods for a torn rotator cuff, including whether an MRI is always necessary for accurate diagnosis.

More info: Can You Diagnose A Torn Rotator Cuff Without An MRI?

Can You Lift Your Arm With A Rotator Cuff Tear?

Discover the limitations and challenges you may face if you have a torn rotator cuff and how to manage arm movement during the healing process.

More info: Can You Lift Your Arm With A Rotator Cuff Tear?

Will Your Shoulder Blade Hurt With A Torn Rotator Cuff?

Learn about the possible relationship between a torn rotator cuff and shoulder blade pain, and what it indicates about your shoulder health.

More info: Will Your Shoulder Blade Hurt With A Torn Rotator Cuff?

Will A Cortisone Injection Help A Torn Rotator Cuff?

Cortisone injections are sometimes used for shoulder pain, but their effectiveness in treating a torn rotator cuff is a point of interest we'll explore.

More info: Will A Cortisone Injection Help A Torn Rotator Cuff?

How Can You Make Your Rotator Cuff Heal Faster?

We'll provide practical tips and strategies to aid in the healing process of a torn rotator cuff and restore shoulder function more rapidly.

More info: How Can You Make Your Rotator Cuff Heal Faster?

Shoulder Bursitis: Understanding the Condition

What is shoulder bursitis, and how does it differ from other shoulder injuries? Get insights into this inflammatory condition and how to manage it.

More info: Shoulder Bursitis: Understanding the Condition

Shoulder Impingement: Causes and Solutions

Understand the concept of the shoulder impingement zone and the factors contributing to rotator cuff impingement and bursitis.

More info: Shoulder Impingement: Causes and Solutions

Frozen Shoulder: Overcoming the Stiffness

Discover how to unfreeze a frozen shoulder and regain a full range of motion through effective therapeutic approaches.

More info: Frozen Shoulder: Overcoming the Stiffness

Shoulder Dislocation/Instability: Seeking Stability

Explore the causes of shoulder dislocation and instability, and the fastest ways to promote healing and prevent future occurrences.

More info: Shoulder Dislocation/Instability: Seeking Stability

Can You Fix Shoulder Instability?

Find out about treatment options to address shoulder instability and regain stability in the joint.

More info: Can You Fix Shoulder Instability?

AC Joint: Identifying and Managing Injuries

Learn how to recognise an injured AC joint and what steps to take for proper care and recovery.

More info: AC Joint: Identifying and Managing Injuries

Swimmers Shoulder: Causes and Remedies

If you're a swimmer or engage in repetitive overhead activities, understanding the causes of swimmer's shoulder and how to prevent it is essential.

More info: Swimmers Shoulder: Causes and Remedies

We hope this comprehensive guide will prove invaluable in your journey to understand and manage shoulder pain and injuries. However, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice and treatment based on your specific condition. Let's dive into the world of shoulder health together!

You've just added this product to the cart: